PHASES OF MENSTRAUTION
The menstrual cycle is divided into four distinct phases:
- menstruation
- The follicular phase is a stage in the development of a folli
- ovulation
- The luteal phase is the last stage of the menstrual cycle.
Menstraution
Menstruation is the process of removing the thickened uterine lining (endometrium) from the body through the vaginal canal. Blood, cells from the uterine lining (endometrial cells), and mucus are all found in menstrual fluid. A menstruation usually lasts between three and one week.
To absorb the menstrual flow, sanitary pads or tampons are used. Both pads and tampons must be changed on a regular basis (at least every four hours). Tampon use has been linked to an increased risk of toxic shock syndrome, a rare condition (TSS).
Follicular Phase
The follicular phase begins on the first day of menstruation and concludes when the egg is released. The pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormone in response to a signal from the hypothalamus (FSH). The ovary is stimulated to develop five to twenty follicles (tiny nodules or cysts) that bead on the surface.
An immature egg is housed in each follicle. Only one follicle will typically mature into an egg, while the others will perish. Around day 10 of a 28-day cycle, this can happen. The thickening of the uterine lining is stimulated by the expansion of the follicles, in preparation for a possible pregnancy.
Ovulation
The release of a mature egg from the surface of the ovary is known as ovulation. This normally happens in the middle of the cycle, about two weeks before menstruation begins.
The growing follicle raises the level of oestrogen during the follicular period. The brain's hypothalamus detects the rise in levels and releases a substance called gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This hormone causes the pituitary gland to produce more luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
The elevated amounts of LH trigger ovulation within two days. Waves of tiny, hair-like projections funnel the egg into the fallopian tube and toward the uterus. The average egg has a lifespan of about 24 hours. Unless it comes into contact with sperm during this time, it will die.
Luteal Phase
The egg breaks from its follicle during ovulation, yet the ruptured follicle remains on the ovary's surface. The follicle changes into a structure known as the corpus luteum over the next two weeks or more. Progesterone and modest levels of oestrogen are released by this structure. This hormone cocktail keeps the uterus' thicker lining in place while waiting for a fertilized egg to stick (implant).
When a fertilized egg implants in the uterine lining, it produces the hormones needed to keep the corpus luteum healthy. This includes the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), which can be identified in a pregnancy urine test. The corpus luteum continues to produce the high levels of progesterone required to keep the thickened lining in place.
Common Menstraul Problems
some of the more common menstraul problems are
- Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) — hormonal events leading up to a period can cause fluid retention, headaches, exhaustion, and irritability in women who are at risk. Exercise and dietary adjustments are two treatment strategies.
- Dysmenorrhoea is the medical term for unpleasant periods. Certain hormones are thought to cause the uterus to squeeze harder than necessary in order to dislodge its lining.
- Heavy menstrual bleeding (formerly known as menorrhagia) — if left untreated, this can cause anemia – can be managed with pain relievers and the oral contraceptive pill. Oral contraceptives and a hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) are two options for controlling the flow.
- The lack of menstrual cycles is known as amenorrhoea. Except during pre-puberty, pregnancy, nursing, and postmenopause, this is regarded abnormal. Low or high body weight, as well as intense exercise, are possible causes.
where to get Help??
- Your GP Dcotor
- A trusted Gynaecologist
0 Comments